What is the primary enzyme responsible for the digestion of starch?

The primary enzyme responsible for the digestion of starch is amylase. Amylase plays a critical role in the breakdown of starches, which are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of glucose units. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simpler sugars, primarily maltose and dextrins, during the digestive process.

Amylase is produced in the saliva by the salivary glands and also secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine, facilitating the digestion of carbohydrates. The activity of amylase begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase starts to break down starch as food is chewed and mixed with saliva. This process continues in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase, further breaking down remaining starch into absorbable sugars that the body can utilize for energy.

Other enzymes mentioned do not play a role in starch digestion. Lactase is involved in the breakdown of lactose (the sugar found in milk), proteases specialize in protein digestion, and lipase is responsible for breaking down fats. Each of these enzymes targets a specific macronutrient, which underscores the importance of amylase as the key player in starch digestion.