What is the difference between foodborne infection and foodborne intoxication?

The correct distinction between foodborne infection and foodborne intoxication lies in how they arise and their mechanisms. Infection is caused by pathogens—such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites—that multiply within the host after being ingested. This involves the organism growing in the intestines and often entails symptoms that may take time to manifest as the body reacts to the presence of these living pathogens.

On the other hand, foodborne intoxication occurs when food containing pre-formed toxins, produced by bacteria or other microorganisms before the food is consumed, is ingested. In this scenario, it may lead to symptoms appearing relatively quickly, as the body reacts to the toxins rather than the pathogens themselves.

This distinction explains why the correct answer emphasizes that infection is specifically related to the growth of pathogens within the body, while intoxication is related to the consumption of toxins already present in the food. Understanding this difference is critical in food safety and handling, as different prevention strategies may be needed for each type of foodborne illness.