What food additive acts as a humectant to retain moisture?

Glycerol monostearate is recognized as a humectant, which means it has the ability to retain moisture in food products. This property is particularly valuable in preventing products from drying out, thereby enhancing their texture and shelf life. As a common additive used in various food applications, glycerol monostearate helps products maintain their softness and palatability over time.

Humectants like glycerol monostearate are often used in baked goods, confections, and other food items where moisture retention is critical for quality. This function is essential not only for consumer satisfaction but also for minimizing food waste due to spoilage from excessive moisture loss.

The other options listed do not serve the same purpose. For instance, sodium nitrate is primarily used as a preservative and color fixative in meats, whereas potassium sorbate acts as a preservative to inhibit mold and yeast growth. Calcium carbonate, on the other hand, is typically used as a firming agent or a source of calcium rather than for moisture retention. Thus, glycerol monostearate stands out as the most appropriate choice for its role as a humectant.