What causes food spoilage in refrigerated foods?

Food spoilage in refrigerated foods is primarily caused by the activity of microorganisms and enzymatic reactions. Refrigeration slows down the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeasts, which are the main microorganisms responsible for food spoilage. However, it does not completely stop their growth. Enzymatic reactions can also lead to deterioration of food quality, affecting flavor, texture, and color. These enzymes, naturally present in foods, continue to function even at lower temperatures, slowly breaking down food components.

For instance, enzymes can lead to the browning of cut fruits and vegetables or the softening of meats. Though refrigeration significantly slows down these processes, it does not eliminate them, leading to spoilage over time. This is why monitoring and maintaining appropriate storage times in the refrigerator is crucial for food safety.

While high levels of air exposure can contribute to spoilage by promoting oxidation and drying out food, it is not the primary cause in a refrigerated environment where moisture levels are generally controlled. Excessive moisture can lead to microbial growth, but it is not a root cause in the same way that microorganisms and enzymes are. Insufficient cooling temperatures can certainly lead to spoilage, as warmer environments allow for increased microbial growth; however, the fundamental factors of spoilage remain